I say, and with God's help: It is not permissible to combine two prayers at the same time due to an excuse such as travel, rain, cold, illness, or others, except in Arafat and Muzdalifah, which are the Dhuhr and Asr prayers at Arafat combined in advance, and the Maghrib and Isha prayers at Muzdalifah combined in delay. It is permissible to combine two prayers in action by praying each one at its time, meaning that one prays the first at the end of its time and the second at the beginning of its time; this is considered a combination in terms of action, even if it is not a combination in terms of time. The evidence for this is as follows: First: The Qur'anic and hadith texts that specify the times; it is not permissible to abandon them except with evidence of the same kind. Among them: Allah, the Exalted, said: (Establish prayer at the decline of the sun) Al-Isra: 78, and He said: (Indeed, prayer has been decreed upon the believers a timed ordinance) An-Nisa: 103, and He said: (And maintain the prayers) Al-Baqarah: 238, and from Abu Dharr, the Prophet (peace be upon him) said: ((Pray the prayer at its time)), in Sahih Muslim 1: 448, and other texts. Second: From Ibn Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him), he said: ((I did not see the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) pray any prayer except at its appointed time, except for two prayers: the Maghrib and Isha prayers at Jam', and he prayed Fajr that day before its appointed time)), in Sahih Muslim 2: 938, and Sahih Bukhari 2: 604. Third: From Ibn Mas'ud (may Allah be pleased with him), he said: ((The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) used to pray the prayer at its time except at Jam' and Arafat)), in Sunan an-Nasa'i al-Kubra 2: 423, and Al-Mujtaba 5: 254, and its chain is authentic as in I'la al-Sunan 2: 84. Fourth: From Nafi' and Abdullah bin Waqid, the muezzin of Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them) said: ((The prayer, he said: Go on until just before the twilight disappears, then he descended and prayed Maghrib, then he waited until the twilight disappeared and prayed Isha, then he said: The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) used to do like what I did when he was hurried by a matter)), in Sunan Abu Dawood 2: 6, and Sunan al-Bayhaqi al-Kabir 1: 114, and Sunan al-Daraqutni 1: 393, and its chain is authentic as in I'la al-Sunan 2: 85. Fifth: From Ali (may Allah be pleased with him): ((He used to travel after sunset until it was almost dark, then he would descend and pray Maghrib, then he would call for his dinner and eat, then he would pray Isha, then he would set out and say: This is how the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) used to do)), in Sunan Abu Dawood 2: 10, and the selected hadith 2: 312, and its chain is authentic as in I'la al-Sunan 2: 86. Sixth: From Nafi' (may Allah have mercy on him) said: ((I went out with Abdullah bin Umar on a journey... and the sun set... when it was delayed, I said: The prayer, may Allah have mercy on you. He turned to me and continued until just at the end of twilight, then he descended and prayed Maghrib, then he established Isha after twilight had disappeared and prayed with us, then he turned to us and said: The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) used to do like this when he was hurried by travel)), in Sunan an-Nasa'i 1: 490, and Al-Mujtaba 1: 287, and its chain is authentic as in I'la al-Sunan 2: 88, and Al-Tabeen 1: 88. Abdul Haqq said: ((This is a text indicating that he prayed each one at its time)). Seventh: Delaying until the time of the first prayer ends and the second begins is negligence; from Abu Qatada (may Allah be pleased with him), the Prophet (peace be upon him) said: ((There is no negligence in sleep; negligence is on the one who does not pray the prayer until the time of the other prayer comes)), in Sahih Muslim 1: 473, and Sahih Ibn Khuzaymah 2: 95. Eighth: From Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) said: ((The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) during travel would delay Dhuhr and advance Asr, and delay Maghrib and advance Isha)), in Sharh Ma'ani Al-Athar 1: 164, and Musnad Ahmad 6: 135, and its chain is good. See: I'la al-Sunan 2: 85. Ninth: From Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them) said: ((The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) prayed Dhuhr and Asr together in Medina without fear or travel. Abu Al-Zubair said: I asked Sa'id why he did that, and he said: I asked Ibn Abbas as you asked me, and he said: He wanted to not burden anyone from his nation)), in Sahih Muslim 1: 490, and this can only be in the figurative combination, and Allah knows best.