I say, and with God's success: It is not necessary to rub the body during ablution; rather, the obligation in ablution is to ensure that water reaches all parts of the body only. As for rubbing, it is a complement and thus recommended. It is necessary to ensure that water reaches the entirety of the beard for men, so that it reaches its roots; and it is obligatory to wash the navel, the mustache, the eyebrows, and the external private parts for women. Abu Huraira, Ibn Abbas, Abu Ayyub, Aisha, and others, may God be pleased with them, reported in similar words that the Prophet (peace be upon him) said: "Under every hair there is impurity, so wash the hair and cleanse the skin," in Jami' at-Tirmidhi 1: 178, Sunan Abu Dawood 1: 65, Majma' al-Zawa'id 1: 272, Al-Haythami said: Its narrators are the narrators of the Sahih, and Musnad al-Rabi' 1: 16, Musnad Ibn Rahwayh 3: 964, Musnad al-Shamiyeen 1: 416, Musnad Ibn al-Ja'd 1: 35. And from Ali (may God be pleased with him), the Prophet (peace be upon him) said: "Whoever leaves a spot of hair on his body from impurity that water does not reach, he will be punished in such and such a way with fire," in Musnad Ahmad 1: 101, Musannaf Ibn Abi Shaybah 1: 96, Sunan al-Bayhaqi al-Kabir 1: 227, Sunan Ibn Majah 1: 196, Al-Mu'jam al-Saghir 2: 179, and Al-Ahadith al-Mukhtarah 2: 74. Al-Khattabi said: "This can be used as evidence by those who require rinsing the nose during impurity due to the hair inside the nose," see: I'la al-Sunan 1: 180, Fath al-Qadeer 1: 50, Sharh Ibn Malik Q8/A, and Majma' al-Anhar 1: 21, and God knows best.