Question
What is the ruling for someone who intends to fast two different things, equal in obligation and duty?
Answer
When one of the two is preferred over the other, the preferred one is established. If neither is preferred over the other, both are invalid. If one intends to make up for Ramadan and the expiation for the declaration of divorce, it counts as the makeup; because the preference is for specifying the direction of the makeup, as it is a substitute for fasting Ramadan, and the substitute of a thing takes its place as if it were it. Fasting Ramadan is the strongest of fasts, so it overrides the intention of other fasts; and because it is a substitute for a fast that was made obligatory by God's command from the beginning, while the fast of the expiation for the declaration of divorce was made obligatory due to an occurrence from the servant's side. Therefore, the makeup is stronger and does not compete with the weaker one, as stated in Badā'iʿ al-Ṣanāʾiʿ 2: 82.