I say, and with God's success: They are included; due to His saying, exalted be He: {And your hands to the elbows} Al-Ma'idah 6. The elbows are included in the washing; because the limit is of two types: a limit of affirmation and a limit of negation. If the wording encompasses the place of the limit without mentioning it, then the limit would be a limit of negation for what is beyond it. If it does not encompass the place of the limit, then the limit is for extending the mentioned ruling before it: like the night in the chapter on fasting {Then complete the fast until the night} Al-Baqarah: 187. The mentioned limit in the hands is a limit of negation; because the name of the hand linguistically encompasses from the fingertips to the armpit. Thus, mentioning the limit negates what is beyond the elbow, so the elbow is included, and what is beyond it is negated. It is confirmed that the Prophet (peace be upon him) poured water over his elbows. And because the elbow is a joint composed of the forearm and the upper arm, washing the forearm is obligatory, while washing the upper arm is not obligatory, and it is not possible to distinguish between them, so it is necessary to wash all of it as a precaution. Refer to: Al-Badai 1: 4, Sharh Al-Wiqayah 1: 74, Al-Binayah 1: 109, Umdat Al-Ri'ayah 1: 55, and Tuhfat Al-Fuqaha, 1/9, and Al-Ikhtiyar, 1/11, and Mukhtalif Al-Riwayah, pp. 280-282, and God knows best.