The Reason for the Obligation of Paying Charity on Behalf of Others

Question
What is the reason for the obligation of paying the Zakat al-Fitr on behalf of others?
Answer

I say, and with God's success: It is a head for which he is responsible and has full guardianship; because the head that he supports and has full guardianship over is in the meaning of his head in defense and support. Just as he is obliged to pay the Zakat for his head, he is obliged to pay the Zakat for what is in the meaning of his head. Therefore, he must pay the Zakat al-Fitr for his dependents who are not for trade; due to the existence of the reason, which is the necessity of support and complete guardianship, with the condition being present, whether they are Muslims or non-Muslims. Ibn Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, said: 'The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) commanded the Zakat al-Fitr for the small and the large, the free and the slave, from those whom you support,' in Sunan al-Bayhaqi al-Kabir 4: 161, and Sunan al-Daraqutni 2: 140, and Musnad al-Shafi'i p. 93. This is general and includes both Muslims and non-Muslims. Abu Huraira, may Allah be pleased with him, said: 'The Prophet (peace be upon him) would pay the Zakat al-Fitr for every person he supported, whether small or large, free or slave, even if they were Christians, a measure of wheat or a sa' of dates.' Al-Zayla'i said in Nasb al-Rayah 2: 414: It was narrated by al-Tahawi in al-Mushkil, and it is suitable for following, especially from the narration of Ibn al-Mubarak. Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, said: 'A man pays the Zakat al-Fitr for every dependent he has, even if he is Jewish or Christian,' in Musannaf Abd al-Razzaq 3: 324, and Allah knows best.

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