Question
What are the conditions for the obligation of Zakat al-Fitr?
Answer
First: Islam: The Zakat al-Fitr is not obligatory on the disbeliever; because there is no way to impose it in the state of disbelief; as it carries the meaning of worship, which cannot be fulfilled without intention, and the disbeliever is not among those who worship. Refer to: Al-Bada'i 2: 70, and Al-Wiqayah p. 229. Second: Freedom: Zakat al-Fitr is not obligatory on the slave; because the obligation is the obligation of performance, and there is no way to impose performance on the slave; as the slave is not required to perform it at the moment nor after being freed, and imposing an action that cannot be performed at all is impossible, unlike a wealthy child; if his guardian does not give it, he is obliged to perform it; because he is able to perform it after reaching maturity. Refer to: Al-Bada'i 2: 70, and Al-Wiqayah p. 229. Third: Wealth: Zakat al-Fitr is not obligatory on the poor; as narrated by Abu Huraira (may Allah be pleased with him): "There is no charity except from a position of wealth," in Sahih al-Bukhari 2: 518, in a suspended narration, and in another wording: "The best charity or the best of charity is from a position of wealth, and the upper hand is better than the lower hand, and start with those whom you are responsible for," in Sahih Muslim 2: 717. And from Abu Sa'eer (may Allah be pleased with him), the Prophet (peace be upon him) said: "Pay the Zakat al-Fitr, a sa' of dates or a sa' of barley or half a sa' of wheat or he said: grain for every person, small or large, male or female, free or owned, wealthy," in Sharh Ma'ani al-Athar 2: 45. And from Abu Huraira (may Allah be pleased with him), he said: "Zakat al-Fitr is for every free person and slave, male or female, small or large, wealthy," in Sharh Ma'ani al-Athar 2: 45.