I say, and with God's success: The impurity is divided in terms of the amount that is excused into two categories: First: Major impurity: It is called so because of the small amount that is excused from it, not in the manner of purifying it; because it does not differ in severity and lightness. It includes: wine, spilled blood, and anything that nullifies ablution when it exits the human body: such as urine and feces, the flesh of a dead animal with blood, its skin, the urine of what is not permissible to eat: like humans, wolves, and mice, the droppings of chickens, ducks, and geese, the filth of dogs, the dung of horses, mules, and donkeys, the excrement of cows, the dung of sheep, the droppings of wild beasts, and their saliva. The considered amount in major impurity is what exceeds the weight of a dirham — which is the weight of a dirham, and the area of a dirham is the width of the palm in lightness, and the width of the palm is the concave width of the palm, which is within the joints of the fingers — as for the amount of a dirham and anything less than it, it is excused; because the little is excused by consensus, and it is measured by the dirham; because the place of cleaning is measured by it. They found it distasteful to mention the buttocks in their gatherings, so they referred to it as the dirham; and because necessity includes the buttocks and others, it is excused due to hardship, and it is major because there is no opposing evidence for its impurity: like blood and similar things where there is no conflict of two texts. See: Al-Wiqayah and its explanation by Sadr al-Shari'ah, p. 132, and Kanz al-Daqaiq 1: 73. Second: Minor impurity: It is named so because of the large amount that is excused from it, not in the manner of purifying it; because it does not differ in severity and lightness. It includes: the urine of animals whose flesh is permissible to eat from domestic and wild animals: such as sheep, deer, and horses, and the droppings of birds whose flesh is not permissible to eat: like hawks and kites; due to necessity, it is minor because of the conflicting texts regarding its impurity and purity, and taking the impurity is preferable; because there is a preference, such as the urine of what is permissible to eat, for he (peace be upon him) said: "Clean yourselves from urine," in Sunan al-Daraqutni 1: 127, and he said: the preserved is interrupted, indicating its impurity, and the report of the 'Arin tribe, which is "that a group from 'Arinah came to the Messenger of God (peace be upon him) in Medina and they fell ill, so the Messenger of God (peace be upon him) said to them: If you wish to go out to the camels of charity and drink from their milk and urine, then do so, and they did and became healthy, then they attacked the shepherds, killed them, and apostatized from Islam, and drove away the flock of the Messenger of God (peace be upon him). When this reached the Prophet (peace be upon him), he sent after them, and they were brought to him, and he cut off their hands and feet, blinded their eyes, and left them in the heat until they died," in Sahih al-Bukhari 6: 2495, and Sahih Muslim 3: 1296. This indicates its purity, so its ruling is lightened due to the conflict. And like the urine of the horse, there are two texts that conflict regarding the dislike of eating it; because its flesh is pure, and its dislike is due to its nobility, thus its urine is lightened. See: Tabyin al-Haqaiq 1: 74-75, Al-Maraqi, p. 156. The considered amount in minor impurity is a quarter of the garment or body, while anything less than that is excused; because the estimation in it is based on the excessive amount, and the quarter has the ruling of the whole in legal matters. See: Sharh al-Wiqayah, p. 133, Al-Fatawa al-Sirajiyyah, p. 163, and Al-Durr al-Mukhtar 1: 327, and God knows best.