Question
I read in the book 'With the Prophet' by Adham Sharkawi a hadith titled: 'A Dialogue Between Adam and Moses, Peace Be Upon Them.' It is narrated by Bukhari and Muslim in their authentic collections that the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said: 'Adam and Moses argued before their Lord. Adam argued with Moses, saying: You are the one whom Allah created with His hand, breathed into you from His spirit, commanded the angels to prostrate to you, and placed you in His Paradise, then you caused mankind to descend to the earth due to your sin?' Moses replied: 'You are Moses, whom Allah chose with His message and His speech, and gave you the tablets in which everything is explained, and brought you close for conversation. How long did you find Allah had written the Torah before I was created?' Moses said: 'Forty years.' Adam asked: 'Did you find in it: (And Adam disobeyed his Lord and erred)?' He said: 'Yes.' Adam said: 'So will you blame me for doing something that Allah had decreed I would do forty years before He created me? How can we be held accountable for our mistakes in the Hereafter when they were recorded in the Preserved Tablet before we were created? This hadith perhaps indicates the absence of the will of our master Adam when he disobeyed his Lord?'
Answer
I say, and with God's success: Writing it in the preserved tablet necessitates that God Almighty is aware of everything; otherwise, He would not deserve to be a deity. The attribute of the servant as a creature is that he is free to choose; otherwise, he would not be held accountable. God's knowledge does not contradict the choice of the servant, because the former is an attribute of the Lord, while the latter is an attribute of the servant. The story of Adam, peace be upon him, has many interpretations, including forgetfulness, and he is not held accountable for it. And God knows best.