Question
What is the meaning of the Prophet's saying, peace be upon him, after he performed ablution like this: 'Whoever adds to this or diminishes from it has wronged and acted improperly'?
Answer
I say, and with God's success: The dislike is for opposing the Sunnah by either extravagance or stinginess. It was narrated from Amr ibn Shu'aib from his father from his grandfather: "A man came to the Prophet (peace be upon him) and said: O Messenger of Allah, how is purification? So he called for water in a container, washed his hands three times, then washed his face three times, then washed his arms three times, then wiped his head, inserting his two index fingers into his ears, and wiping with his thumbs on the outer part of his ears, and with the index fingers on the inner part of his ears. Then he washed his feet three times, and then said: This is how ablution is done. Whoever adds to this or subtracts from it has done wrong and has oppressed himself, or has oppressed and done wrong." This is found in Sunan Abu Dawood 1/81, Sunan Ibn Majah 1/146, Sunan an-Nasa'i 1/88, Musnad Ahmad 2/180, and Sheikh Shu'ayb said: It is authentic, and this chain of narration is good. This means that he has exceeded what the Shari'ah has set for him, and what has been established as the limit of completion, and he has wronged himself by opposing (the Prophet) or because he has exhausted himself in excess without receiving any reward for it, or by wasting water and using it inappropriately without any benefit resulting from it. The meaning is that whoever adds to the parts of ablution or subtracts from them, or exceeds the three (washes) believing that the Sunnah is not fulfilled with three, or reduces them believing that three is against the Sunnah has done wrong. However, if he adds for the sake of peace of mind when in doubt, or with the intention of performing another ablution, or reduces due to a lack of water, or due to cold, or out of necessity, while believing in the Sunnah of the three, then he is not transgressing or doing wrong. Refer to: Al-Tawdhih, Explanation of the Introduction of Abu al-Layth, and Allah knows best.