Question
Is Zakat obligatory on everyone who possesses the minimum threshold for Zakat?
Answer
I say, and with God's success: The ownership of the nisab is not a condition by itself, but it is joined by other conditions for the obligation of zakat; for it is required in the wealth on which zakat is due three conditions: First: It must reach the nisab: which is equal to (100) grams of gold. Second: It must be in excess of the original needs; and the original needs refer to food, clothing, household furniture, means of transportation, housing, and professional tools; for these things are not subject to zakat even if they reach the nisab, as long as they are part of the original needs. Third: The passage of a year, which is the completion of a full year of ownership of the surplus nisab beyond the original needs; because the reason for zakat is growing wealth, as the obligation is a part of the surplus and not from the principal; as Allah Almighty said: {And they ask you what they should spend. Say, "The excess."} Al-Baqarah: 219: meaning the surplus, and growth usually occurs over the year; due to the fluctuation of prices often with the change of seasons, thus the apparent reason - which is the year - is placed in the position of the reason - which is growth; Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) said: "If you have two hundred dirhams and a year has passed on them, then there is five dirhams due, and there is nothing upon you, meaning in gold until you have twenty dinars. If you have twenty dinars and a year has passed on them, then there is half a dinar due" in Sunan Abu Dawood 2: 100, and the selected hadiths 2: 154, and from Al-Qasim: "Abu Bakr Al-Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him) did not take from the zakat wealth until a year had passed on it" in Al-Muwatta of Malik 1: 245, and Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them) used to say: "Zakat is not obligatory on wealth until a year has passed on it" in Al-Muwatta 1: 246, and Allah knows best.