What are the conditions for sighting the crescent of fasting and breaking the fast for Ramadan in clear weather?

Question
What are the conditions for sighting the crescent of fasting and breaking the fast for Ramadan in clear weather?
Answer
It is a condition for seeing the crescent moon for fasting and breaking the fast of Ramadan in clear weather—when there is no obstruction in the sky, such as clouds or the like—that a large group must witness it, and it must be known that they are truthful, and reason dictates that they cannot conspire to lie. This can be supported by what Abu Huraira (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (peace be upon him) said: "And your fast is the day you fast, and your breaking of the fast is the day you break your fast..." This is found in Sunan Abu Dawood 2: 297, Sunan Al-Bayhaqi Al-Kabir 3: 317, Sunan Al-Daraqutni 2: 164, Musannaf Abdul Razzaq 4: 156, and Musnad Ishaq Ibn Rahwayh 1: 429. In another narration: "The fast is the day you fast, and the breaking of the fast is the day you break your fast, and the sacrifice is the day you sacrifice," found in Jami' Al-Tirmidhi 3: 80, which he deemed good, and Sunan Al-Daraqutni 2: 164. The scholar Ahmad Zafar Al-Thanawi stated in I'laa Al-Sunan 9: 126: "And his confirmation is that he (peace be upon him) attributed fasting, breaking the fast, and sacrifice to a group... Thus, it is necessary in the original ruling to have a large group or all the Muslims present in a town, for example, in these rulings, unless there is an impediment such as cloudy skies, in which case it has another ruling established by Sharia." The requirement for a group applies if the informants are from within the city; however, if they are from outside, the testimony of a single trustworthy and just person is sufficient for their sighting, because certainty in sighting in the deserts is greater than in cities due to the dust therein. Likewise, if he is in the city in a high place, Imam Al-Sarakhsi stated in Al-Mabsut 3: 64: "The testimony of a single person is only rejected if the sky is clear, and he is from the city; but if the sky is cloudy, or he comes from outside the city, or is from a high place, then his testimony is accepted according to us."
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